This tracker provides a snapshot of how digital platform competition rules are being implemented across Asia-Pacific.
Markets are grouped into Advanced Regulatory Economies (ARE) and Emerging Regulatory Economies (ERE) to reflect differences in regulatory capacity and enforcement maturity.
Digital Markets & Competition (2025–2026)
| Market | Archetype | Regulatory Approach | Key Instrument | Enforcement Status | What This Means |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | ERE | Conduct-based | Competition Law Amendment (Law No. 5/1999) | Implementing | Merger scrutiny increases, but digital-specific rules remain indirect. |
| Malaysia | ERE | Hybrid | Competition Act amendments & MyCC review | Implementing | Digital gatekeepers face closer scrutiny ahead of possible new laws. |
| Philippines | ERE | Conduct-based | PCC Digital Strategy & market studies | Implementing | Enforcement focus on killer acquisitions and fintech interoperability. |
| Singapore | ARE | Conduct-based | CCCS enhanced enforcement powers | Enforcing | Platforms face faster intervention without new digital platform legislation. |
| Thailand | ERE | Ex-ante | TCCT Digital Platform Guidelines | Implementing | Self-preferencing and data misuse now explicitly targeted in practice. |
| Vietnam | ERE | Conduct-based | 2018 Competition Law enforcement | Enforcing | Platforms risk case-by-case intervention for abuse of dominance. |
| Japan | ARE | Ex-ante | Mobile Software Competition Act | Enforcing | App stores face binding limits on self-preferencing and exclusionary conduct. |
| South Korea | ARE | Hybrid | Fair Trade Act amendments (MRFTA) | Implementing | Competition risks concentrate on self-preferencing, tying, and parity clauses. |
| Australia | ARE | Ex-ante | Digital Competition Regime & ACCC Codes | Implementing | Gatekeeper-style obligations will apply via service-specific codes. |
| India | ERE | Ex-ante | Draft Digital Competition Bill | Draft / Review | DMA-style obligations likely, but scope and penalties remain contested. |