Exploring Selective Taxation in Southeast Asia is an interim discussion paper that examines how excise taxes are designed and applied across the region, and how tax systems can balance fiscal requirements with broader policy objectives. Selective taxes, usually in the form of excise taxes, are a policy tool widely used in Southeast Asia. Excise taxes […]

Electricity demand in Peninsular Malaysia is rising as the economy grows, electrification advances, and cooling needs increase. The National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) aims to meet this growth through renewables, with solar driving capacity expansion. The phase-out of coal increases the need for renewable energy to replace retiring generation capacity. Data center expansion adds to […]

SEA Tech Stack Sovereignty: The Electric Tech Stack is part of a series exploring technology sovereignty in Southeast Asia, developed by the Southeast Asia Institute. This paper builds on the framework presented in our previous paper, Southeast Asia Tech Stack Sovereignty: An Analytical Framework for Understanding Technology Sovereignty, and applies it to the region’s emerging electric technology […]